1. The Sentence

1.1 Definition:

A sentence is a group of words that make complete sense. A sentence must possess a subject and a verb. It starts with a capital letter and ends with a period, exclamation, or question mark.

1.2 Types of Sentences (Based on Function)

1.2.1 Declarative Sentence

A sentence that provides a statement as a fact. It ends with a period. It may also be called an Assertive Sentence.

1.2.2 Interrogative Sentence

A sentence that asks a question. It ends with a question mark.

1.2.3 Imperative Sentence:

A sentence that expresses a command or request. It ends with a period.

The imperative sentence may end with an exclamatory mark if it expresses strong emotions.

1.2.4 Exclamatory Sentence:

A sentence that expresses emotion, feeling, or excitement and serves to gain or direct attention. It ends with an exclamation mark.

1.2.4.1 Optative Sentence:

A sub-type of exclamatory sentence that expresses a prayer or wish.

1.3 Parts of A Sentence

1.3.1 Subject:

The part of the sentence which is being described by a verb and is performing some action or possesses some state of being.

1.3.2 Predicate:

The part of the sentence that describes the subject, its state, the action it is performing, or some action being performed upon it.

1.3.3 Placing the Subject

1.3.3.1 Usual Order: when the subject comes before the predicate.

1.3.3.2 Unusual Order: when the subject comes after the predicate.

1.3.4 Types of a Subject:

1.3.4.1 Implied Subject:

When the subject is not directly stated but implied, such as in an imperative sentence.

1.3.4.2 Direct Subject:

When the subject is directly stated and is affected by the verb.

1.3.4.3 Simple Subject:

The primary subject of the sentence without its descriptive attributes. In the case of a subject consisting of more than one word, the simple subject is the most important part of the sentence.

1.3.4.4 Complete Subject:

The subject of a sentence, along with its complete descriptive attributes which may consist of multiple words.

1.3.4.5 Compound Subject:

When a sentence describes two distinct yet equally important subjects.